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Nathan’s Commentary on Parashat Miketz Genesis 41:1–44:17

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Genesis 41

Genesis 41:9–10, The chief butler spoke. Here the chief butler is recounting the events to Pharaoh of how he ended up in prison as if Pharaoh weren’t aware of these facts. It is quite possible that this was a new Pharaoh, and the Pharaoh who had put the butler in prison was now dead. If so, then this new Pharaoh was very young, since in Genesis 45:8 Joseph, who by now would have been at least in his late 30s, refers to himself as “a father to Pharaoh.”

YHVH’s timing was perfect for his larger plans to be fulfilled in Joseph’s life. Do you have the trust in YHVH to believe the same for your life? Had the chief butler remembered Joseph prior to this time, it is likely that YHVH’s plans for Joseph may not have worked out to his benefit. Would he have had the chance to interpret Pharaoh’s dream? Would he have returned to Canaan? How would the history of the nation of Israel been different?

Genesis 41:16, Elohim. By this time, Joseph had endured multiple false accusations, murder attempts, enslavement and imprisonment on false charges. A man of lesser spiritual stature than Joseph might have lost his faith in Elohim along the way. What can we learn from Joseph about enduring and overcoming faith in our Maker in the face of adverse circumstances in life?

In this verse, what is the evidence that he hadn’t given up hope in his Heavenly Father, and that he had not lost sight of the prophetic promises that YHVH had made to him many years earlier? Simply this. Even though Joseph was standing before a king, who had the power of life and death over him, he still had faith that Elohim would give him the interpretation to the king’s dream. Not only did Joseph believe this, but openly declared his faith to Pharaoh. What does this teach us about boldly proclaiming our faith even in the face of possible death? In Revelation 12:11, we learn that the end time saints will overcome the Evil One by the word of their testimony and that they will not love their lives the death. Elsewhere Yeshua declared to his disciples, “Whosoever therefore shall confess me before men, him will I confess also before my Father which is in heaven” (Matt 10:32). Now is the time to start putting our faith to work in the small areas, so that we will pass the larger tests that will inevitably come our way later. 

As a form of witnessing to those around you, do you give honor to YHVH whenever you can—even to strangers and potential enemies as Joseph did? 

The fact that Joseph was able to proclaim his faith in Elohim in front of one of the most powerful monarchs of his day is evidence of his strong and abiding faith in and fear of YHVH even in spite of years of mistreatment and false accusations. Joseph is a powerful and encouraging example to the down-trodden saints of the world, who have been persecuted for the their faith. Joseph is proof that it is possible to maintain faith in YHVH even in spite of dire, even life threatening circumstances.

Genesis 41:38, A man in whom the Spirit of Elohim is. Would this be the testimony of those heathens around you about you? If not, why? What changes in your life can and should you make to insure that it would be?

Genesis 41:45, Poti-phera.Apparently, this was none other than Potiphar, Joseph’s former slave master and the one who wrongfully imprisoned Joseph. Joseph being permitted to marry Potiphar’s daughter was YHVH’s way of vindicating him in the eyes of the Egyptians (The ArtScroll Stone Edition Chumash, p. 299; The ArtScroll Tanach Series Bereishis/Genesis Commentary, vol 1b., p. 1665).

Genesis 41:46, Thirty years old. Joseph was in Egypt as a slave and a prisoner from roughly from age 17 (Gen 37:2) to age 30. Despite being falsely accused of sins he had not committed, during this time, he still did not lose faith in Elohim.

Genesis 41:50–52, To Joseph were born. Joseph was blessed in Egypt with an Egyptian wife and two sons. Therefore, his sons were not full-blooded Israelites. This was prophetic. Eventually Joseph’s descendants went into captivity into foreign nations, as happened to Joseph himself, where they would mix their seed with those of non-Israelite blood resulting in mixed children racially (Hos 7:8 and 8:8.) Prophetically, YHVH accept would accept these children of mixed race marriages to be grafted in to the olive tree of Israel to become full citizens with equal standing and rights as full-blooded Israelites (Rom 11:13–24). Who does Paul say these Gentiles who were grafted into the olive tree of Israel? Please read Romans 9:25–26 and then read the Hosea passage Paul is quoting from Hosea 2:23. Paul refers to these people as Israelites and literal offspring of Abraham (Eph 2:11–19; Rom 4:16; 9:8, 11; and Gal 3:7,  9,  14,  28, 29)!

Genesis 42

Genesis 42–46 Two Brothers and the Two Houses of Israel in End-Time Prophecy

Biblical Types and Antetypes

A major key to understanding biblical prophecy is to recognize the relationship between types and antetypes in the Scriptures of which there are a plethora. This means that an event or a series of events occurred once, was recorded in the Scriptures, and then at a later time a similitude of the event repeats itself sometimes more than once, but with different characters and scene. The Jewish sages have long recognize the phenomenon of biblical cycles that repeat themselves over the millennia.

More specifically, an antetype is an event that occurs before the main event to which it prophetically points actually occurs (sometimes incorrectly referred to as an antitype, which means “an opposite type” rather than “a prior type”). In other words, the first event predicts or points prophetically to the future event. This is a way for the Creator to give clues and hints about future events that will come to pass. Those who are ardent students of YHVH’s word and “who have (spiritual) ears to hear” will pick up on these clues and gain a sense of what the Creator is going to do at some future date. In this way, those who diligently seek him are rewarded with understanding or “inside information” about what he is planning to do in the future. At the same time, his divine plans and purposes will be obscured from those who don’t have a diligent heart to seek him and his truth, and who could then possibly misuse the truth, if they were to discover it, for self serving or malevolent purposes.

Similarly, the Gospels record that Yeshua explained deep spiritual truths via parables not to make the meaning clear to the general public, but rather to obscure it. His teachings were meant to be understood only by those whom he had called that they might know the mysteries or secrets of the kingdom of Elohim (Matt 13:10–11; Luke 8:9–10).

For thousands of years, the prophets of the Bible, as well as biblical students, scholars and sages have understood the concept of antetypes and types and it has helped them to understand Bible prophecy and future events. 

Biblical antetypes are identified in three ways. First, the Scriptures themselves identify events as being ante­typical. Examples would be:

  • The life of Moses pointed to Yeshua (Deut 18:15–19; Heb 3:3–6).
  • The serpent on the pole pointed to Yeshua’s crucifixion (John 3:14).
  • The rock from which the Israelites drank prefigures Yeshua (1 Cor 10:4).
  • The manna the Israelites ate prefigures the Word of Elohim or flesh of Yeshua (John 6:32, 48–51).
  • Aaron as the high priest was antetypical of Yeshua’s high priesthood (Heb 5, 7 and 8).
  • The sacrificial system pointed to Yeshua’s atoning death on the cross (Heb 9 and 10).
  • Jonah in the whale is a prophetic picture of Yeshua’s death and resurrection (Matt 12:40).
  • Melchizedek was an antetype of Yeshua (Heb 7).
  • The first exodus (or redemption of Israel out of Egypt) was prototypical of a second exodus or redemption of Israel out of the world in the end times (Isa 11:11; Jer 23:7–8).

The Jewish sages from antiquity have also identified antetypes. Examples would be:

  • The difficulties surrounding Jacob’s return to the Promised Land after 20 years of exile in Babylon (under Laban, Gen 31–33) is antetypical of the difficulties surrounding the return of Jacob’s descendants to the land of Israel in the last days, which the Scriptures call “Jacob’s Trouble” (Jer 30:7).
  • The life of Joseph prefigured that of a Messiah Son of Joseph, the Suffering Servant.
  • The life of David prefigured that of a Messiah Son of David, the Conquering King.
  • The seven-day week is antetypical of the seven thousand years of man’s tenure on this earth.
  • Christian Bible teachers have identified antetypes in the Scriptures as well. Examples would be:
  • The Passover lamb was antetypical of Yeshua’s crucifixion.
  • Isaac’s near sacrifice and the ram caught in the thicket in Genesis 22 was antetypical of Yeshua’s death.
  • The tabernacle of Moses pointed in all aspects to the ministry of Yeshua as Savior and Redeemer.

Finally, some Hebraic-Christian Bible teachers have identified antetypes in the Scriptures. Examples would be:

  • The biblical feasts point to the steps in YHVH’s plan of salvation for mankind centering around the first and second comings of Messiah.
  • The stages of the biblical wedding point to YHVH’s plan of salvation for mankind.
  • YHVH’s judgments on Egypt point prophetically to his judgments on Babylon the Great in the last days.

In like manner, the story of Joseph’s interacting with his brothers (starting in Genesis chapter 37 through 46) is antetypical of future events that are to happen on a national level with the children of the patriarchs. 

In this study, we will examine the events of Joseph and Judah in Egypt to see how they relate to the houses of Joseph or Ephraim (broadly speaking, the Christians) and Judah (broadly speaking, the Jews) in the last days. Remember that although the events and details of antetypes and types correlate, they do not match each other perfectly in every detail. There should, however, be enough similarities between the two that to the rational and biblically astute mind the juxtaposition of the two is not a logical stretch. Some of these parallels the writers of Scripture tell us about, while others we must arrive at through our own diligent and careful analysis of the Scriptures.

Joseph and Judah (the Two Houses of Israel)

In what follows, we will see several types and shadows that point to the end-time reunification of the two houses of Israel (Joseph, Ephraim or the Christian church and Judah or the religious Jews), and to Yeshua the Messiah whose role it would be to regather and reunite the two houses of Israel by laying his life down as a ransom or substitute for his brothers. In this study, we will discuss the following themes:

  • reuniting lost family members
  • reconciliation and healing of wounds and offenses between families
  • forgiveness of past wrongs, offenses and misunderstandings
  • prophetic shadows of Yeshua the Messiah

Let’s now analyze the events in the life of Joseph (and to a lesser degree that of Judah as well) as they occurred chronologically to see how they pointed forward to events that would occur in the future including the end times.

Joseph Taken as Captive to a Gentile Nation (Gen 37)

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Nathan’s Commentary on Parashat Vayeshev Genesis 37:1–40:23

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Genesis 37

Genesis 37:3, Israel loved Joseph more. Parent’s who show demonstrable favoritism toward some of their children over their other children are not wise, for it invariably produce rivalry and jealousy among siblings (v. 4). True, a parent may secretly prefer one child over another, but it is wise to keep that to oneself, for fear of alienating one’s other children. Granted, it is natural for a godly parent to have a kindred spirit with a godly child more than he does for a child who is a rebellious sinner and ambivalent if not apathetic toward Elohim. Similarly, it is true that even though our Father in heaven loves the whole world (John 3:16), nevertheless he loves his own saintly children differently and in a deeper manner. This why Scripture declares the YHVH loved Jacob and hated Esau who was a wicked and carnal man (Mal 1:3).

Tunic [coat] of many colors.The Hebrew here indicates a tunic—a long undergarment with long sleeves (the same word is used in 2 Sam 13:18). The working class usually wore a short-sleeved tunic, while the upper class wore a tunic similar to what Jacob made for Joseph. This tunic distinguished Joseph above his brothers thus inciting their jealousy toward him (Manners and Customs, p. 92).

Genesis 37:5, Joseph had a dream. Joseph was a prophetic child (like Samuel) and YHVH communicated with him, even has he had with his father, grandfather and great grandfather. Sometimes, prophetic gifts transfer generationally. The same can be said of demonic spirits that transfer down through family lineages. As the blessings from YHVH for obedience to him can be passed on down through successive generations, so can the curses of sin resulting from demonic influences.

And told it to his brothers. Just because one receives a prophetic word from Elohim does not mean that he has given us permission to share it with others! A word from heaven may be for one’s own personal benefit alone, and it may not be beneficial for others to hear it as Joseph found out the hard way. 

To often prophetic people want to share everything they have heard from Elohim. Often the motives for doing this are carnal as if one were saying, “Look at me. Look what Elohim has revealed to me. Look how special I am.” Anything done out of impetuosity, assumption, much less arrogance and for self-aggrandizement purposes is never a good thing. It is better to wait patiently for instructions from above before proceeding! 

Genesis 37:12, Shechem. Upon coming into the Promised Land from Haran, Jacob had previously bought land in Shechem from the Canaanites (Gen 33:19), but then had to move from that area to Bethel for his safety (Gen 35:1) after the Shechem and Dinah affair. Jacob later moved further south to Hebron (Gen 37:14). It was likely to Jacob’s property in Shechem, where Joseph’s brother were pasturing their flocks, that Jacob sent Joseph to check on his brothers.

Genesis 37:18, Let us now kill him. Nowadays, carnal people may not necessarily kill one who brings the word of Elohim to him, but they will murder with their mouths through mockery, scorn, ridicule, character assassination, libel, slander or malicious gossip. People are no different now than they were then; they do not want their evil deeds brought to the light lest their sins be exposed. Instead of repenting of sin, they attack the one bringing the light of truth. Isn’t this the same treatment that Yeshua and all of the prophets experienced at the hands of the people to whom they were sent?

Genesis 37:25, 27, 28, 36, Ishmaelites…Midianites.To whom did Joseph’s brothers sell him: to the Ishmaelites or the Midianites? Some disparagers of the Bible view this passage as proof that Scripture contradicts itself and cannot be trusted as being divinely inspired. So what is really going on here? Why the seeming disparity in the facts?

The explanation is not difficult. Keil and Delitzsch in their commentaries point out these people-groups were referred to in ancient cultures as Arabs due to the geographical proximity of their two countries and were easily confounded by outsiders not only due to their close association socially and culturally, but due to their resemblance, and due to the fact that the Midianites and Ishmaelites shared a common ancestry as descendants of Abraham. This is because likely the traders in this story were in a caravan comprised of different tribes or ethnics groups (e.g., Ishmaelites and Midianites), as Adam Clarke suggests in his commentary, and were traveling together for safety. That two nationalities would unite in their journey to Egypt is not far-fetched, since the land of Midian and Edom (the country of Ishmael) were contiguous—the former was located south of the latter. The Midianites would have had to travel northward toward Edom to get around the Gulf of Aqaba in order to traverse the Sinai Peninsula en route to Egypt. Therefore, it is not inconceivable that these two groups of traders could have converged and joined together in their trek to Egypt. Thus the apparent discrepancies in this story neither invalidates the correctness of the Bible nor proves that this narrative derives from the convergence of two separate oral traditions that were later written down as some modern biblical scholars suggest (e.g., The Language and Imagery in the Old Testament, pp. 38–39, by J.C.L. Gibson).

Genesis 37:28, Twenty shekels of silver.This was the price that Moses later fixed to the value of a boy between the ages of five and twenty (Lev 27:5), while the average price for a male adult slave was 50 shekels of silver (Exod 21:32). An adult female was valued at 30 shekels of silver (Lev 27:4). This price was based on the value of work an individual could produce in a year. To slave owners, humans slaves were a mere commodity.

Genesis 38

The story of Judah and Tamar is inserted here likely to show the background and origins of the kingly Jewish lineage that produced the Yeshua the Messiah. 

Genesis 38:10, The thing which he did. Onan refused to perform his levirate responsibilities likely because of greed. As second of three sons, he would have received only one fourth of Judah’s inheritance with the double portion going to the firstborn son. With the first born son dead, Onan stood to receive two thirds of the inheritance, since now he was the firstborn son. However, by raising up a son to take Er’s place, this would have given that son one-half of Judah’s inheritance and dropped Onan back down to one fourth of the inheritance again. Onan stood to gain financially by not performing his levirate responsibilities and rasing up a son to his older, deceased brother. Therefore, it appears that Onan spilled his seed on the ground because of greed, which is the real reason YHVH killed him. Bluntly speaking, YHVH did not kill him because he masturbated as is often supposed. Rather, he withdrew himself during coitus and ejaculated on the ground. That is to say, he enjoyed the sensual pleasure of sex without fulfilling his responsibility—a totally selfish, self-serving act, and therefore an illegal act of fornication.

Judah and Tamar

Genesis 38:16–19, The power of the sex drive in men causing them to act foolishly. The desire (or need) for sexual fulfillment is a powerful force in men that must be mastered, channelled or contained. It not, then unscrupulous women can use it to their advantage as Tamar did here, and as Solomon warns men against in the first few chapters of the Book of Proverbs. The need for sex can cause men to do foolish things and allow them to slip into compromising situations even resulting in their being blackmailed, as was the case with Tamar vis-à-vis Judah. It was foolish of him to give his personal items to an unknown stranger, yet he acquiesced to this unwise act due to his inability to control his sex drive. Instead of him ruling it, it ruled him. He failed to follow the advise that Elohim gave to Cain in Genesis 4:7. “And if you do not do well, sin lies at the door. And its desire is for you, but you should rule over it.” Wise men will immediately flee youthful lusts (2 Tim 2:22)!

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Listen to your fathers, so your ashes won’t be trampled on!

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Genesis 50:11, Beyond the Jordan. Beyond is the Hebrew word eber meaning “across.” This was the roundabout way of reaching Machpelah. The Jewish and Christian commentaries I have studied don’t give a good reason for Jacob’s burial entourage taking this most indirect route to the burial cave of the patriarchs. It’s possible that Jacob was, out of faith in the promises of Elohim, prophetically tracing the steps that his descendants would take several generations later in entering the Promised Land. It’s almost as if Jacob was showing the future generations of Israelites the route he wanted them to take from Egypt to the Promised Land to fulfill biblical types and shadows.

If Jacob’s intent was to show future generations of his descendants the route to enter the Promised Land, this begs a question for us. Do you have righteous parents? How about righteous spiritual fathers—the fathers of our faith such as the biblical apostles and prophets, Yeshua himself, and, of course Moses and the patriarchs? They have laid out the route for us to take to reach the Promised Land of our spiritual inheritance—the kingdom of Elohim or heaven. Are we following this path, or have we chosen another path? 

Malachi was the final prophet to close out the Old Testament or Tanakh before the coming of the promised Messiah. He uttered a strong warning to all who have ears hear and a heart to understand lest the fiery judgments of YHVH Elohim come upon you and your ashes be trampled under the feet of the righteous.

Remember the Torah-law of Moses, My servant, Which I commanded him in Horeb for all Israel, With the statutes and judgments. Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet Before the coming of the great and dreadful day of YHVH. And he will turn The hearts of the fathers to the children, and the hearts of the children to their fathers, Lest I come and strike the earth with a curse. (Mal 4:4–6)

These are the final warning words and wise admonitions that close out the Tanakh. Let’s heed these wise words and turn our hearts back to the righteous fathers of our faith. Maybe they knew something that we don’t—the way to Elohim!

 

Joseph—A Profile in Courage and Faith

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Do you think that things are going badly for you in your life? Take heart. The Bible is full of encouraging stories of faith of people going through circumstances often much worse than what we have encountered, but who overcame their circumstances and prevailed because of their faith in Elohim. Yes, it is true that some people died for their faith, but because of their faith in YHVH-Yeshua and the promises of Elohim, they have waiting for them resurrection into eternal life and the glorious heavenly rewards that will accompany that life.

Genesis 41:9–10, The chief butler spoke. Here the chief butler is recounting the events to Pharaoh of how he ended up in prison as if Pharaoh weren’t aware of these facts. It is quite possible that this was a new Pharaoh, and the Pharaoh who had put the butler in prison was now dead. If so, then this new Pharaoh was very young, since in Genesis 45:8 Joseph, who by now would have been at least in his late 30s, refers to himself as “a father to Pharaoh.”

YHVH’s timing is perfect. Do you have the trust in YHVH to believe that for your life? Had the chief butler remembered Joseph prior to this how would things have been different for Joseph? Would he have had the chance to interpret Pharaoh’s dream? Would he have returned to Canaan? How would the history of the nation of Israel been different? Would YHVH’s purposes have been fulfilled?

Genesis 41:16, Elohim. By this time, Joseph had endured multiple false accusations, murder attempts, enslavement and imprisonment on false charges. A man of lesser spiritual stature than Joseph might have lost his faith in Elohim along the way. What can we learn from Joseph?

In this verse, what is the evidence that he hadn’t given up hope in his Heavenly Father, and that he had not lost sight of the dreams and promises that YHVH had made to him many years earlier? Simply this. Even though Joseph was standing before a king who had the power of life and death over him, he still had faith that Elohim would give him the interpretation to the king’s dream. Not only did Joseph believe this, but openly declared his faith to Pharaoh. 

As a form of witnessing to those around you, do you give honor to YHVH whenever you can—even to strangers and potential enemies as Joseph did? 

The fact that Joseph was able to proclaim his faith in Elohim in front of one of the most powerful monarchs of his day is evidence of his strong and abiding faith in and fear of YHVH even in spite of years of mistreatment and false accusations. Joseph is a powerful and encouraging example to the down-trodden saints of the world, who have been persecuted for the their faith. Joseph is proof that it is possible to maintain faith in YHVH even in spite of dire, even life threatening circumstances.

 

Joseph—Down and Out? NO and neither are YOU!

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The Bible is full of many inspiring examples of people who were unjustly treated and found themselves in almost impossible situations. Yet, because of their faith in Elohim, they not only survived their circumstances, but thrived. The story of Joseph is another such example. Be encouraged and inspired as you read this.

Genesis 39:2, 21, 23, YHVH was with Joseph. This phrase is repeated three times in this chapter to emphasize an important spiritual principle. Even in the midst of Joseph’s unfair persecution first as a slave then as a prisoner, his faithfulness to YHVH insured YHVH’s divine protection and favor in these adverse circumstances.

Many are the afflictions of the righteous, but YHVH delivers him out of them all (Ps 34:19), and YHVH promises to accompany his people through the floods and fires of adversities (Isa 43:2).

Joseph’s prevailing through adverse and unjust circumstances with YHVH’s help should be a great source of encouragement for every believer. 

Joseph…a successful man. Even as a slave, YHVH blessed and prospered Joseph. YHVH can prosper us in any work situation in which we find ourselves—even if we’re not much better than a slave. If we but will apply ourselves to work hard and diligently, while staying faithful to YHVH as Joseph did, YHVH will prosper and promote us. Laziness, greed, theft, covetousness and irresponsibility has never gotten anyone anywhere in any employment situation.

 

Genesis 37–41: The Life of Joseph—A Foreshadow of Messiah Ben (Son of) Joseph

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The spirit of Antimessiah (Antichrist) is on a dramatic rise in our day. It is even rampant among those who are returning to the Hebraic, Torah-centric roots of the Christian faith where some people are losing their faith in Yeshua the Messiah. A few are even converting to Rabbinic Judaism, which denies the messiahship and deity of Yeshua and the divine inspiration of the Testimony of Yeshua. Some of the blame for this can be laid at the feet of a few of the modern-day descendants of the non-believing Pharisees (i.e. the Rabbinic Jews), who use clever arguments to beguile unstable and unlearned souls into humanistic reasoning devoid of a living faith in Yeshua their Savior and the Redeemer of man. Because of a spiritual blindness that Scripture prophesied would come upon the Jews producing a hardness of heart toward Yeshua the Messiah, unbelieving Jews ignore the numerous prophetic shadow-pictures pointing to Yeshua the Messiah contained in their own Tanakh.

May the following study strengthen your faith in Yeshua the Messiah, in his divine origination in the very heart, mind and essence of Elohim, and in the fact that he was foreordained to come to this earth to reconcile sinful man to his Heavenly Father through his self-sacrifice on the cross. All this was prophesied long ago in the Tanakh. The ancient Jewish sages speak of a messianic figure coming called Messiah son of Joseph (Mashiach ben Yosef), the Suffering Servant, whose life and ministry would parallel that of Joseph, yet these same Jewish sages fail to see the connection between Joseph’s life and that of Yeshua. Let’s now chronicle the striking and uncanny parallels between Joseph and Messiah the son of Joseph, the Suffering Servant. (Many of these comparisons come from the book, Gleanings in Genesis, by Arthur W. Pink ).

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Ye shall reap if ye faint not!

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Genesis 45:5, 7, 8, Elohim sent me. Joseph was sold into slavery at age 17, was freed from prison and made ruler of Egypt at age 30. After that, seven years of plenty followed, and then two years of famine had passed by the time he was reunited with is brothers. Only after 22 years in Egypt did Joseph finally figure out Elohim’s grand and wonderful plan for his life, and how it involved the saving of his family.

Had Joseph lost faith along the way, become embittered over his multiple misfortunes, and turned away from Elohim, the nation of Israel may have never been preserved.

Keeping one’s eyes on Elohim, and refusing to lose faith during the dark times of one’s life can yield some amazingly triumphant outcomes, as we learn from the life of Joseph.