Category Archives: Bible, General

Hebrews 1–4—Are YOU in the true rest of YHVH?

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Hebrew 1

Hebrews 1:9, Loved righteousness and hated lawlessness. To the degree that we love righteousness, we will hate Torahlessness and vice versa. To love righteousness and the laws of Elohim is to love his him, to love his Word and to love Yeshua. To the degree we disdain his Torah is the degree that we disdain him and Yeshua the Messiah, the Word made flesh regardless of our protestations to the contrary, regardless of our religious activities and regardless of how much we throw our emotions at him and call it praise and worship. Obedience to his Torah-Word from Genesis to Revelation is barometer indicating the depth of our love for him.

Hebrew 2

Hebrews 2:1-2, Lest we drift away. One can lose one’s salvation (see also 1 Cor 9:27; Heb 6:4–6; 10:26 cp. 1 Tim 1:19; Matt 13:20–22) if one neglects (v. 2) and doesn’t carefully guard and maintain their spiritual relationship with YHVH and his Word.

Hebrews 2:7, A little lower. See notes at Ps 8:5.

Hebrews 2:18, He is able to aid. To receive the aid of Yeshua, our Great High Priest, all we have to do is to humble ourselves and recognize that we are sinners and need help, and then to ask him for help as well as to avail ourselves of the help that he has already give us, namely, the light of his Word, which, if we study and feed on, will guide us and keep us in the straight and narrow path. 

Hebrew 3

Hebrews 3:3, He who built the house. Yeshua is the builder of his spiritual house—the church. Interestingly, his earthly father trained him to be a carpenter. Often the physical or natural and spiritual dimensions parallel each other. The idea of Yeshua being the Creator of all things including humanity (Heb 1:10; John 1:3, 10) and being the builder of his spiritual house provides us with an important truth. How is it that the death of Yeshua—one human—could pay for the sins of the whole earth—many humans? Simply this. Yeshua in his pre-incarnate state as the Word of Elohim created all humans. His life is more valuable than the lives of all those he created, since he is the Creator, even as life of the builder of a house has more value than all the houses he builds. This is why Yeshua could pay for the sins of the whole world, and why his life was more valuable than those of all the humans that have ever lived in the history of the world.

Hebrews 3:6, Hold fast…firm to the end. Ultimate salvation—the redemption of our bodies, our glorification and inclusion in the family of Elohim (or theosis) occurs after we have overcome the world, the flesh and the devil and remained firm to the end. The end is either our physical death, or our spiritual transformation or the first resurrection at Yeshua’s second coming.

Hebrew 4

Hebrews 4:2,The gospel was preached. The children of Israel heard the gospel message even as it was preached in the time of Yeshua, the apostles and in our day. They were without excuse for not accepting the gospel message. As the writer goes on to show, they rejected it because of the hardness of their hearts. People still reject the gospel today for the same reason.

Hebrews 4:3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, Rest. The term rest is also a biblical Hebraic idiom or Hebraism (see Deut 12:9, 10; 25:19; 1 Kgs 8:56; 1 Chron 23:25; Ps 95:121; 1 Thess 1:7) for the rest from one’s enemies and that one obtains once one has come into the promised land of their inheritance that YHVH has prepared for his saints. For the Israelites, this was the physical Promised Land in which they settled after having defeated the Canaanites. For the saint, ultimately, this is the Promised Land of the kingdom of Elohim and the New Jerusalem, which they will obtain in the final sense at the second coming of the Messiah when they receive their glorified bodies at the resurrection during the millennium, of which the seventh day Sabbath is a prophetic picture.

Hebrews 4:9–10, Rest. The Greek word sabbatismos means “a keeping of the Sabbath” and is derived from the Hebrew word sabbaton meaning “the seventh day or Sabbath.” In Hebrew the word for Sabbath is shabbat, which originates from the root verb shabat meaning “to cease, desist, rest.” Those who have entered into the Sabbath rest do so by following the example of YHVH the Creator who not only rested spiritually, but literally rested on the seventh day after the creation. He set this as an example for man to follow. 

Some people see this verse in Hebrews only as a mandate to rest from their spiritual works by putting their faith in Yeshua. This is only partial rest. We must follow the example of YHVH who literally rested on the seventh day as well. 

Yeshua in his preincarnate state was YHVH the Creator (Heb 1:10; John 1:3, 10). He kept the Sabbath as YHVH the Creator, and as Yeshua the Messiah as well. (If Yeshua didn’t keep the Sabbath, then he was a sinner in that he violated the law, and is not our perfect, sin-free Savior! If he kept the Sabbath, and the Gospels record that he did do so, we are to imitate him as his obedient disciples and imitators by doing what he did (1 Cor 11:1; 1 John 2:6). 

Some deceptive Christian “teachers” will state that Yeshua broke the Sabbath by quoting John 5:18. First, again if Yeshua had broken the fourth commandments, he would have become a sinner (1 John 3:4), but we know that he was sinless (Heb 4:15), so this was not the case. Second, John records that it was the misguided Jews who were accusing Yeshua of sin, even though he had done nothing to break any of the Torah’s laws regarding the Sabbath. Third, the word “break” as used in John 5:18 is the Greek word luo, which in its primary definition means “to loosen literally or figuratively.” Yeshua was “breaking” or “loosening” the man-made, extra-biblical laws or constraints that the Pharisees had put on people with regard to how to keep the Sabbath. Yeshua was brushing aside or “breaking” or “loosening” some of these non-biblical and man-made restrictions to bring people back to a Sabbath observance that was less burdensome and restrictive. He in no way was violating the Torah, which would have made him a sinner.

When we rest both physically and spiritually, we’re walking out a higher level of truth by walking out both the letter and the spirit of YHVH’s Torah-law as Yeshua taught us to do in his Sermon on the Mount (Matt 5:17–48), and as such, we’ve positioned ourselves before YHVH to receive more divine revelation from him. 

In other words, the more we obey him faithfully in love, the more truth he can entrust us with for safekeeping, for he knows we won’t take for granted or trample his precious truth nuggets. To those who are faithful in much, YHVH gives more. That’s how it works in his spiritual economy. 

To this day, many of the religious keep the Sabbath by physically resting on this day, but they have missed the revelation of spiritual rest in Yeshua, while the mainstream Christians have rejected the physical Sabbath rest but they accepted the spiritual rest in the Messiah. Both sides have half the truth. Let’s put the two halves together and walk out the full truth—both the physical and the spiritual side of the Sabbath as Yeshua and his disciples did! 

Keeping the seventh day Sabbath with this fuller understanding is another way of connecting the gospel message to its Hebraic, pro-Torah roots.

Hebrews 4:12, Soul and spirit. (See notes at 1 Thess 5:23.) Here the writer attests to the separateness of the soul and the spirit of man. They are not indistinguishable from each other.

Hebrews 4:14,Great high priest. How could Yeshua, a non-priest (non-cohen) be our Great Heavenly High Priest, since he was from the tribe of Judah and not from the tribe of Levi, much less a descendant of Aaron? (See notes at 7:14; Exod 19:2, 4). 

Hebrews 4:16, Come boldly. The veil (Heb. porechet) in the Tabernacle of Moses separated the compartments of the holy place and the holy of holies which housed the ark of the covenant and the was where the glory or presence of Elohim resided. The holy of holies pictured the heavenly throne room of Elohim, and only the high priest could enter it once a year on the Day of Atonement (or Yom Kippur). It was forbidden for anyone else to come into the holy of holies (except Moses, who as a prophetic picture of Yeshua the Messiah, who often went there to receive instructions from Elohim). That veil separating Elohim from the people thus preventing the common person from entering into the holy of holies was miraculously ripped in two when Yeshua died on the cross (Luke 23:45), thus symbolizing that now the way was open way for every saint to come boldly through the “vieil” of Yeshua’s flesh (i.e. through the atoning blood of and a personal spiritual relationship with Yeshua; Heb 10:20) into the very presence of YHVH Elohim.

 

Background and Outline of the Epistle to the Hebrews

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Photo is from Natan Lawrence’s 1790 KJV Bible

A debate exists among scholars as to when the Epistle to the Hebrews was written. Some believe it was written just before the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in 70 AD, while others maintain that it was written just after 70 AD. This author favors the former position since the author of Hebrews speaks of the sacrificial system in the present tense as if it were still functioning (Heb 10:11; 13:10, 11).

At the same time, the author of Hebrews seems to be addressing the concerns of early believers that without the temple standing and the sacrificial system functioning, there is no longer remission for sins. He assiduously points out how the patterns and prophecies of the Tanakh are pointing to the greater priesthood of Messiah Yeshua in the heavenly tabernacle. As such, the author seems to have in view the destruction of the temple, yet while the temple is still standing. After all, Yeshua predicted the temple’s demise and that its destruction would be so complete that not one stone would be left standing on another (Matt 24:2; Luke 21:20–21).

Perhaps, the author was writing Hebrews in the four-year time period (between A.D. 67 to A.D. 70) when the Romans besieged Jerusalem, then pulled away for one year, then rebesieged and finally destroyed the city in A.D. 70. The events of A.D. 67 to 69 may have caused the writer to feel that Jerusalem’s fall was imminent in fulfillment of Yeshua’s earlier prophecies.

Main Themes

In his Epistle to the Hebrews, the author emphatically asserts that:

  • Yeshua is over all. 
  • Yeshua is leading his people to the ultimate higher spiritual reality.
  • The Tanakh (Old Testament) validates the gospel message.
  • The Epistle to the Hebrews is about transformation, shifting, growing from a lower level to a higher level spiritually. It is about one coming closer to the reality of heaven in their spiritual walk; about one approaching and growing closer to Elohim.
  • Though Hebrews doesn’t deal directly with this issue, we have to ask the following question: While in this flesh on the earth, do we abandon the letter of the Torah-law’s types and shadows and live in a spiritual dimension only? We know from Hebrews that through Yeshua’s death and resurrection, we have moved from the higher spiritual level with regard to the tabernacle system, and the Levitical priesthood and sacrificial systems. But does this apply to the rest of the Torah as well (e.g. the Sabbath, feasts, dietary laws, etc.)? Christianity by in large teaches that it does. But this is not what the writer of Hebrews is saying. The transformation of the priesthood and sacrificial systems to the higher level of reality in Yeshua doesn’t invalidate the rest of the Torah. Believers are still required to keep the rest of the letter of the Torah law as best they can. As physical beings living in this earthly dimension, we still have to follow the Torah-Word of Elohim as it applies to our physical walk (e.g. don’t murder, steal, commit adultery, lie, worship idols, etc.). But at the same time, we are to walk, as much as possible, in the heavenly dimension by following spirit of the Torah, being led of the Spirit in our walk and by focusing our attention on Yeshua, our heavenly High Priest. As such, redeemed believers are caught having to walk between the physical and the spiritual dimensions. We are in the process of being transformed from the physical to spiritual. Until this total transformation takes place, we must meld the physical or letter of the law and the spiritual realms, and we must keep progressing toward the ultimate goal of the higher Torah, which is total spiritual existence and oneness as Elohim’s children in his eternal kingdom as characterized by the New Jerusalem. 

Outline of Hebrews

Overview: Yeshua is priest, prophet and king

In the Tanakh, the priest, prophet and king were the three principal leaders in ancient Israel. No one except Moses was all three. David was a king and prophet, but not a priest. Samuel was a priest and a prophet, but not a king. Scripture tells that Moses was all three. Yeshua was the only other Person who was all three. Deuteronomy 18 tells us that Moses was a prophetic shadow picture of a greater Moses who would come. The writer of Hebrews validates this and shows that Yeshua was that greater Moses.

Hebrews 11:1 explains this process by defining faith. We live in the physical world, but we hope through faith for the spiritual world to come. Our spiritual forefathers went through this process successfully, though they paid a great price physically, anticipating in faith their heavenly reward. This is the story of Hebrews 11—the faith chapter.

Yeshua is the vehicle that leads us onward and upwards to the higher spiritual dimension. He is the ladder to and gate or door of heaven. He proclaims this in John 1:51 and John 10:7. Jacob dreamed of this ladder or highway to heaven, which was a picture of the Written and Living Torah (literally, a Torah scroll). (See telios: Col 1:28; Eph 4:13; Phil 3:13)

Hebrews and other places in the Testimony of Yeshua (NT) talk about coming to this higher goal (e.g. Matt 5:17; Rom 10:4; Heb 9:9, 11; 10:14; Heb 6:1; Heb 7:19; 9:9; 10:1, 14; 12:23).

The Tanakh prophesies that the Messiah to come would be a priest, prophet and king.

It is important to note that Hebrews focuses on Yeshua’s role as that greater heavenly high priest that the Tanakh prophesied would come.

The Superiority of Messiah Yeshua Over OT Personages (1:1–4:13)

  • Yeshua as Creator, Sovereign and Sustainer of the universe is superior to all things including the prophets — 1:1–3 (Ps 110:1)
  • Yeshua is superior to the angels —1:4–2:18 (Ps 97:7)
  • Yeshua is superior Moses —3:1–19 (Deut 18:15–19)
  • Yeshua is superior to Joshua — 4:1–13

The Superiority of Messiah Yeshua’s Priesthood Over OT Priesthood (4:4–5:10)

  • Yeshua is superior to Aaron — 4:14–5:10 (Ps 110:4; Mal 3:1–3; Isa 53:12 —Yeshua, the Suffering Servant, to take the role of high priest as an intercessor for transgressors before Elohim)
  • Yeshua’s priesthood is after the order of Melchizedek — 7:1–8:5 (Ps 110:4)

Yeshua Mediator of a Better Covenant Than the First Covenant (8:6–10:18)

  • The Renewed Covenant: a better covenant — 8:6–13 (Jer 31:31–33)
  • The First Covenant’s sanctuary and sacrifices — 9:1–10 
  • Compared with the Renewed Covenant — 9:11–10:18
 

Analysis of the Book of Joel

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Joel 1:1–20 chronicles the physical and spiritual desolation that will exist in the land of Israel (1:6, 10) just prior to the day of YHVH, the destruction of the Almighty (1:15). Israel’s pitiable condition is due to external forces (symbolized by worms, caterpillars and the lion, 1:4, 6, 7) coming against Israel laying her land waste. The prophet urges YHVH’s people to humble themselves and to call a sacred assembly fast (a probable prophetic reference to the forty days of repentance (Heb. teshuvah) leading up to the fall appointed time of the Day of Atonement (Heb. Yom Kippur).

Joel 2:1 opens by announcing the blowing of the shofar in Zion, and the sounding of the alarm (ruwa, Strong’s H7321, meaning “to shout, raise a sound, to cry out, give a blast, to shout a war-cry or alarm for battle, to sound a signal for war”) in Jerusalem. This is a clear reference to the fall festival of Yom Teruah, the Day of the Blowing of Shofars, or Day of the Shouting This is announced as a day when YHVH’s people are to tremble and to prepare for the coming of the day of YHVH, which is near. 

The prophet next goes on to describe that day of YHVH as one of darkness (or obscurity) and gloominess (calamity or wickedness), heavy or thick dark cloudiness (2:1). On that day, a great army will swarm over the land with a devouring fire going before them while the heavens tremble, the earth quakes and the sun, moon and stars become darkened. (2:1–11). This army is invincible and immortal (2:8) and is described as YHVH’s army, which is very strong and executes his word (2:11). This is the very great and terrible day of YHVH, who can abide, comprehend or endure it? (2:11) 

Scripture elsewhere describes only one immortal army that can fit this description in Joel’s prophecy, and that is the army that accompanies Yeshua at his second coming as prophesied in Revelation 19. This is a time when Yeshua will come to judge the earth, including the false religious systems of the world, which has on its hands the blood of YHVH’s saints (Rev 19:2). Yeshua, the Judge, will return riding a white warhorse and he will come to judge and to make war (Rev 19:11). His eyes burn with fiery indignation, he wears many crowns (he is taking to himself, the dominion and authority of all earthly leaders), his robe is dipped in blood and his name is called “The Word of Elohim,” which is a reference to Yeshua, the Living Word of Elohim (John 1:1–14). Accompanying Yeshua will be a heavenly army all clothed in white linen robes of righteousness (Rev 19:13–14). From Yeshua’s mouth proceeds sword (representing his Word) with which he will smite the nations (Rev 19:15, 21). After defeating the earthly wicked, treading them with the fierceness of his wrath (see also Rev 14:14–20), he will rule them with a rod of iron as King of kings and Lord of lords (Rev 19:15–16). This event, the day of YHVH’s vengeance or wrath, will culminate in a mighty battle between Yeshua’s spiritual army and the armies of the world including the false prophet and those who worshipped his image. This is the famous climactic battle of Armageddon, which in Revelation 16:16, will occur at the end of the seven bowl judgments of Revelation. Scripture calls the seven bowl judgments, also called the seven last plagues (Rev 15:1), the wrath of Elohim (Rev 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19). Elsewhere in the writings of the ancient biblical prophets, this time period is called the day of YHVH’s wrath, or simply, the day of YHVH. As a result of these seven plagues falling upon the earth by the hand of YHVH’s judgment, the religious, economic, and political system of Babylon the Great that rules the earth will fall (Rev 17 and 18).

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2 Timothy 1 and 2—Spiritual Power and Boldness From Above in Times of Shaking and Uncertainty

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Do you sense that the world is going stark raving mad and crazy all around you? That the Antichrist demonic forces of hell and death have been unleashed and are waging a rabidly fierce battle to the death against all that is good as defined by the Bible? The natural human reaction in light of this is either flee or to fight. What should the saint do?

The Bible makes it clear. There is a time to fight and a time to flee. I don’t believe that now is the time for most of us to flee. Where would we flee to anyway? No. We must pray for boldness to preach the gospel as the early saints did in the book of Acts even in the face of life threatening circumstances (Acts 4:23–31).

Hopefully, these commentary notes, which I have just written this morning, will encourage us to do just that. This manna gleaned from the Word of Elohim has definitely encouraged me.

Be blessed and strengthened in Yeshua the Messiah who has overcome sin and death and made us partakers of his victory!

2 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1:6, Stir up.What in us needs stirring up from time to time? Simply this: boldness to share the gospel with those around us as we discuss in the next verse. 

2 Timothy 1:7, Spirit of fear [Gr. deilia]. Deilia denotes “timidity or cowardice.” The opposite of deilia is shame (v. 8), but shame of what? The context is clear here. It shame of the testimony or gospel of Yeshua and of standing up for those who are being persecuted for preaching the gospel (v. 8). For fear of what others will think, too many believers fail to share the gospel with those around them. Yeshua referred to this as putting one’s lamp under a bushel basket when, instead, he called his disciples to be like light on a hill (Matt 5:13–15) and commissioned them to take the gospel to the world (Matt 28:18–20; Mark 16:14–18). For too many saints, the great commission has become the great omission!

What have the saints to fear when Yeshua has given them the victory over sin and death (1 Cor 15:54–56)? Nay, through Yeshua the Messiah, the saint can do all things (Phil 4:13), and has become more than a conqueror (Rom 8:37), for greater is he that is in us than he that is in the world (1 John 4:4). After all, if Elohim is for us, who can be against us (Rom 8:31)? This means that YHVH will give us the boldness to share the gospel message with those around us, even as he gave the early disciples the boldness to do so when they asked him for it in the face of life threatening persecution (Acts 4:23–31).

Power [Gr. dunamis]…love [Gr. agapē]…sound mind [Gr. sōphronismos]. Dunamis refers to miraculous power or strength. Agape denotes “affection or benevolence” and, in Scripture, refers to the love of Elohim for his Son, for the human race, believers for Yeshua, the saints for one another, and is a fruit of the Spirit.  

Sōphronismos denotes “a well-balanced, self-controlled or disciplined mind.” In other words, YHVH has equipped the saint with everything he needs to counteract the natural tendency toward fear in difficult situations. We have the miraculous power of the Spirit of Elohim working within us, the fruit of the Spirit of love, and a well-balanced and self disciplined mental state that will give in neither to irrational nor to naturally occurring human fear in the face of difficult situations. 

What is Paul saying here in contrast to the spirit of fear or timidity and being ashamed of the testimony of Yeshua (v. 8)? He is declaring that Elohim has given his saints the means, power and ability to share the gospel with those around them and to stand up for the testimony of Yeshua in the face of persecution rather than succumbing to the natural tendency to pull away in timidity or cowardice. 

Elsewhere, John declare that there is no fear in love, that perfect love casts out fear, and that the saint’s source of love is from the Father in heaven (1 John 4:18–19). If we are full of the love of Yeshua for others, then we will neither be afraid of what they think nor will we be ashamed to share the gospel with them, for our desire to see them saved will override all fear including that of criticism, mocking or rejection by others. The example of this can be illustrated by a house that is on fire and that contains sleeping occupants who are unaware of the fire that is about to kill them. Without thinking and in total boldness, a good Samaritan will break into the house, rush in yelling and screaming for the people to wake up and escape. He will do so boldly and without concern for what those in the house may think. In a sense, this should be our approach to those around us who are spiritually lost and in danger of being cast into the lake of fire.

2 Timothy 1:9, Before time began.YHVH Elohim established his plan of salvation for mankind through the redemptive life and death of Yeshua the Messiah before the world began (Rev 17:8; Acts 15:18; Rom 16:25; Tit 1:2; 1 Pet 1:20). Additionally, YHVH has chosen each saint through Yeshua before the foundation of the world (Eph 1:14; Rom 87:29–30; 11:2; Acts 18:38). That is, he knew each person by name who would accept his gift of salvation (Rev 13:8; 17:8) and, by implication, he also knew those who wouldn’t. Moreover, the kingdom of Elohim or heaven has been prepared for the saints from or before the foundation of the world (Matt 25:35).

2 Timothy 1:10, Life [Gr. zoe] and immortality [Gr. aphtharsia]. Zoe refers to life in it all of its aspects both in physical and spiritual dimensions. Aphtharsia denotes “incorruptibility or generally unending existence.” Through Yeshua, the saint has both physical and spiritual life that will extend past the final curtain of physical death and will continue unendingly into eternity. This is the message and power of the gospel in a person’s life through a relationship with Yeshua.

2 Timothy 2 

2 Timothy 2:25–26, Grant them repentance.This verse indicates that sinful humans can’t even repent of sin properly on their own strength. Repentance is a gift that YHVH grants to those who have a heart for it—that they will come to their senses and turn from falling prey to the snares of the devil that have bound them in sin. Moreover, verse 25 indicates that YHVH may or may not grant people this gift. 

Elsewhere we read that YHVH is not willing that anyone should perish, but desires that all men everywhere come to repentance (Acts 17:30; 2 Pet 3:9). From these scriptures, we may conclude that whether YHVH grants the gift of repentance or not depends on whether a person is sick enough of his sin to cry out to YHVH for help in desperation for deliverance. 

This gift of repentance can occur at the beginning of one’s spiritual walk as they are coming to faith, or later down the road when one is repenting of reoccurring sin that, in their own strength, they feel powerless to overcome. 

This gift comes as a result of trusting YHVH completely and not relying on one’s own strength to overcome sin. Faith in Elohim and humility on the part of the sinner is the key that unlocks access to the gift of repentance.

 

First Timothy—Notes from Natan’s Bible Commentary

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1 Timothy

1 Timothy 1:4, Doctrine…fables. Both the modern Jews and Christians have exchanged many biblical doctrines for fables.  Fables refers to myths or fiction. In Christianity, for example, think of Santa Clause and the Easter bunny for example. In Judaism, the Midrash Rabbah (the rabbinic commentary on the Torah) as well as the Talmud and Zohar are full of myths and fables. Various church denominations have institutionalized into doctrine many unbiblical and man-made traditions, which, in essence, are myths. For example, the doctrine of the immortality of the soul, the wicked being tormented in hellfire forever, the pre-tribulation rapture, the veneration of Mary, purgatory, a male Holy Spirit, the abrogation of the Torah, exchanging the seventh day Sabbath for Sunday and the biblical feasts for Christian holidays, and the list goes on and on.

1 Timothy 1:5, Commandment. When a Jewish writer of Scripture speaks of the commandments, it can only refer to one thing: YHVH’s Torah-law. The commandments or mandates of Elohim are in stark contrast to the fables of men referred to in the previous verse.  How quickly humans willingly turn from the Word of Elohim to fables. Adam and Eve listened to the lies of the serpent and quickly turned away from the clear commands of Elohim. The children of Israel quickly turned to golden calf worship. After the death of the last apostles, the early church of the second century A.D. quickly began to turn away from YHVH’s Torah and turn to man-made doctrines, traditions and fables which were then institutionalized into church doctrine and have been  passed on down to us to this day.

Commandment…love. The Torah tells us how to love YHVH with all of our heart and our neighbor as ourself. Yeshua in repeating the shema (Deuteronomy 6:4 and Lev 19:18), the traditional Jewish statement of faith, sums up the Torah as such (Mark 12:29–31) as does Paul (Rom 12:8–10) as does James (Jas 2:8) and as does John (1 John 1:7–11; 3:23; 5:2–3).

1 Timothy 1:8, The law is good. This statement is totally consistent with many other similar statements that Paul makes elsewhere in his writings.

1 Timothy 1:12, Putting me into the ministry. Too many people in the church put themselves into the ministry in that they go into it for the wrong reasons. Instead of being a bondservant who lays their life down for those they are serving, they seek to be served, to gain wealth and fame or simply for an easy career. Scripture refers to these people as hirelings and gospel peddlers (John 10:12–12; 2 Cor 2:17)

1 Timothy 2

1 Timothy 2:4, Desires all men to be saved. Although YHVH desires all humans to be saved and has made a way for this to occur through Yeshua the Messiah, not all humans want to be saved or are willing to do what YHVH requires for them to be saved. 

1 Timothy 2:8, Lifting up holy hands. Lifting hands is in prayer, praise and worship is an ancient practice that finds precedence in the psalms and when the priests would give the Aaronic Blessing over the Israelites. This gesture is the universal sign of surrender as well as what a young child does when in need of something and approaches his parents. 

1 Timothy 2:15, Saved in/through childbirth. 

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Hosea: The Story of YHVH’s Unfailing Love for His People

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Hosea 2

The prophet Hosea, a native of the northern kingdom of Israel, ministered to that nation (called Ephraim or the house of Israel, as opposed to the southern kingdom, called Judah or the house of Judah) for about 38 years during the middle part of the eighth century b.c. (from about 770–725 b.c.). He lived in the final tragic days of the house of Israel and prophesied that Israel’s enemy, the Assyrians, would be instruments in YHVH’s hands to bring judgment against Israel if that nation did not repent and cease its spiritual harlotry and idolatry. That the book contains references to the kingdom of Judah is probably due to the fact that the northern kingdom fell in 721–722 b.c. while Hosea was still ministering and that he most likely transplanted to Judah where he may have finished writing his book (NIV Study Bible, p. 1312).

The theme of the Book of Hosea revolves around the prophet’s personal family life. YHVH’s prophets were often required to act out in their personal life something that would serve as a prophetic allegory of what would happen to the people of Israel if they failed to repent of their sin and return to YHVH. In Hosea’s case, YHVH required him to act out what had already happened to the northern kingdom. Because they had turned from YHVH, their spiritual husband, and taken to consorting with foreign spiritual lovers characterized by their forsaking the Torah, turning to serve pagan gods, and succumbing to heathen religious rituals and lifestyles, YHVH instructed the prophet to marry a harlot. In this way, the family life of Hosea would become a spiritual mirror that could be held up in front of the nation so that it could see itself as YHVH’s saw it. Furthermore, being married to an unfaithful wife gave Hosea direct insight into the emotional turmoil a husband endures when married to an adulterous woman that would provide the passion and impetus when defending YHVH in writing about the spiritual plight of adulterous Israel.

Hosea’s life must have been a sad one, for his adulterous wife bore him three children. From the text, it cannot be determined whether they were his children, or another man’s. Despite this, Hosea accepted his wife and children with an unconditional love representing YHVH’s love for Israel, despite her refusal to be faithful to him. The nation of Israel (the northern kingdom) did not heed the prophet’s warnings resulting in her falling to her Assyrian enemies. The Soncino Pentateuch aptly summarizes Hosea’s life this way:

A heavy domestic sorrow darkened Hosea’s life. He had married a woman called Gomer; and she rendered him deeply unhappy. He found that he had wasted his love on a profligate woman. She fled from the Prophet’s house, and sank lower and lower until she became the slave-concubine of another. But Hosea’s love was proof even against faithlessness and dishonour. He, the deeply aggrieved husband, buys her back from slavery, and brings her into his house—as a ward, pitied and sheltered, but subjected to a period of probation that shall show whether her better self can be awakened. (p. 581)

The terms house of Israel and house of Judah are initially used (in chapter one) in this book followed by the simplified terms Ephraim and Judah used throughout the remainder of the Book of Hosea. So that the reader can understand the context of this passage, let’s define these terms:

House of Israel: This term is used 146 times in Scripture. Prior to the division of the united kingdom after the death of Solomon, this phrase referred to all twelve tribes of Israel. Afterwards (during the time of the prophets), it was used in contradistinction to the phrase “house of Judah” in reference to the northern kingdom. In the Apostolic Scriptures, Yeshua makes reference to the “lost sheep of the house of Israel” (Matt 10:6; 15:24). Elsewhere in the Apostolic Scriptures this term refers to all twelve tribes of Israel (Acts 2:36; 7:42; Heb 8:10), and in some references it refers to just the northern kingdom (Heb 8:8). The context of the passage of scripture surrounding this phrase determines its meaning.

Ephraim: This name is used 180 times in the Tanakh and is referring to this specific Israelite tribe or as a metaphor for the northern kingdom of which the tribe of Ephraim was the leading and largest tribe (Isa 7:9,17; 9:9; 11:13; Ezek 37:19; Hos 4:17; 5:12, 13, 14; 6:4; 7:1; 10:11: Zech 9:13). When blessing the two sons of Joseph, Jacob placed his right hand of power and strength upon the head of Ephraim signifying the position of primogeniture for him and his descendants (Gen 48:17–19).

House of Judah: This term is found 41 times in Scripture and is always referring specifically to the tribe of Judah (e.g., 2 Sam 2:4, 7, 10) or to the southern kingdom, which included the tribes of Benjamin and Levi (1 Kgs 12:21, 23; 2 Chr 11:1). In addition, this term can refer to a remnant of Israelites from the northern ten tribes who refused to submit to the spiritual apostasy of Jeroboam and defected to the southern kingdom (2 Chr 11:16). The phrase “house of Judah” is used in contradistinction to the phrase “house of Israel” eleven times in the Scriptures including once in the Apostolic Scriptures (1 Kgs 12:21; Jer 3:18; 5:11; 11:10,17; 13:11; 31:27, 31; 33:14; Zech 8:14; Heb 8:8).

Judah: This name refers to both the tribe of Judah and to the southern kingdom. Scriptural context will determine which is meant.

Listed below are other prophetic allegorical terms found in this scripture passage with their accompanying definitions. Review these terms and their definitions, and then notice how the authors of the Apostolic Scriptures employ these terms applying them to the “Gentile” believers of the first century.

No Compassion or Mercy (Lo-ruhamah): This is the name of one of Hosea’s three children and is a prophetic reference to the house of Israel who, because of their apostasy, would be rejected by YHVH (Hos 1:6).

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2 Thessalonians—The Man of Sin, the Great Falling Away, and the Restrainer Discussed

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2 Thessalonians 1

2 Thessalonians 1:4–8, Persecutions…righteous judgment. The backlash of Elohim’s righteous judgments against the wicked is persecution and tribulation against the saints by the one’s being judged, and their judgment is a result of their treatment of the saints. The saints will finally experience rest from this vicious cycle at the second coming, when Yeshua will take vengeance against the ungodly wicked.

2 Thessalonians 1:9, Everlasting destruction.The ungodly wicked hate Elohim and want nothing to do with him, so Elohim will give them what they want—a place that is far from his presence, along with what they don’t want: everlasting destruction. The wicked want immortality without Elohim, but there is no such thing. There is only damnation and eternal destruction apart from Elohim, but blessing and life for those who seek him.

2 Thessalonians 2

2 Thessalonians 2:3, Falling away [Gr. apostasia]. The Greek word apostasia literally means “a defection from truth.” What is truth by biblical definition? It is that Truth that is divinely revealed from Elohim in heaven to man. The Word of Elohim as found in the Bible is Truth (John 17:17), Yeshua is Truth (John 14:6), and Elohim’s Torah-law is Truth (Ps 119:142, 151), and these are three ways of saying the same thing, and these three are indivisible and indistinguishable from each other. To the degree that one has all three of these things as components of one’s life is the degree to which one is walking in the Truth. So falling away or defecting from truth means walking away from the Bible, Yeshua and the Torah.

2 Thessalonians 2:3–4, Man of sin [Gr. hamartia meaning “to miss the mark”]. The man of sin is an individuals misses the mark of Elohim’s righteous standards, that is, he is one a) who walks contrary to the Torah of Elohim, for sin, by biblical definition is a) violating the Torah (1 John 3:4; Lev 4:2, 13, 22, 27), b) anything that is in opposition to righteousness which is defined by Torah-obedience (1 John 5:17; Ps 119:172), and c) anything that is in opposition to Yeshua the Messiah and not to belief in him (John 16:9; 3:18; 8:24). There are many “men of sin” who fit this description, but the man of sin of the last days will be unlike any other in that he will be demon-possessed, will exalt himself above Elohim and will sit in the temple of Elohim. He will be a highly visible and extremely powerful individual.

2 Thessalonians 2:4, Temple of Elohim. There is debate among Bible students as to whether this will be a rebuilt third Jewish temple sitting atop the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, or whether this an evil, demonic leaders  who will sit atop Christendom after a majority of earth’s Christians have been ecumenically united in some way probably under the Roman Catholic Church. Whoever the man of sin may be and wherever will be his seat of power, he will exalt himself as Elohim over the earth with powerful signs and wonders (v. 9).

2 Thessalonians 2:6, What withholdeth/what is restraining. There is much debate as to who or what it on earth that is preventing the man of sin from exercising full authority on earth. Some Bible students believe that it is the Spirit of Elohim, some believe it is Christians. It is unlikely that it is either of these since there will be saints on earth and the Spirit Elohim up until the second coming of Yeshua, which occurs after the great tribulation and, most likely, midway through the wrath of Elohim.

2 Thessalonians 2:7, Mystery of lawlessness [Gr. anomia]. The Greek word anomia literally means “lawlessness” or in the biblical context “Torahlessness.” The man of sin will be opposed to the law or Word of Elohim as revealed in Scripture.

2 Thessalonians 2:11, The lie. What lie in Scripture can be consider so colossal and of such overarching significance that Scripture refers to it as “the lie”? Paul refers to this lie again in Romans 1:23. This is likely the lie of the serpent in the tree of knowledge that led man to commit the first sin. That lie was a) man doesn’t need to obey Elohim’s Word, b) man can become like Elohim, c) man can have immortal life apart form Elohim, d) man can have knowledge that Elohim is allegedly withholding from man. All the false Antichrist religions and philosophies of the world are based on these lies.

2 Thessalonians 2:12, Truth…unrighteousness. Truth and unrighteousness are opposites. This is because Scripture tells us that YHVH’s Torah is Truth (Ps 119:142, 151) and righteousness (Ps 119:172), that the Word of Elohim is Truth (John 17:17) and that Yeshua the Messiah is Truth (John 14:6). (Why do I capitalize the word Truth? It is to differentiate between secular truth and divine or spiritual Truth. The latter is at a much higher level and is eternal and is a reflection of the mind and character of the Almighty Creator.) The opposite of Truth is evil, darkness, sin and unrighteousness. Those who righteous and walk in the light of Truth love and live out righteousness, while those who walk in darkness, evil and sin take pleasure in unrighteousness as this verse states.

2 Thessalonians 3

2 Thessalonians 3:6, Withdraw. Why does Paul instruct the saint to withdraw from “brothers” who are out of order spiritually and don’t follow the basic tenets of Scripture? Simply this. Evil company or companionship corrupts good habits or morals, as Paul writes elsewhere (1 Cor 15:33). Or otherwise stated, one can’t live with pigs and not expect to get dirty. That’s why YHVH is presently calling his people to come out of Babylonian religious systems (Rev 18:4), and to come out from among those who are unclean or unholy spiritually and be separate from them (2 Cor 6:17). This is how the bride of Yeshua is preparing herself to be the chaste virgin for which the Messiah is returning.

Tradition. Whose are what tradition are the saints to follow: the traditions of men or those that line up with the full Word of Elohim? Too many people follow religious traditions established by men and the institutions they have created to perpetuate their own ideas some of which line up with Scripture and many of which do not. Where did Paul or any of the other apostles or any of the other biblical authors instruct people to follow them? Nowhere. Rather, they all instructed their readers to follow YHVH Elohim and Yeshua the Messiah and the Word of Elohim. Even today, too many Christians spend most of their time following men and reading and studying what men have written rather than going directly to the Word of Elohim. For such people, how do they know if the men they are following are preaching the Truth of Elohim or their own man-made traditions if they don’t know what the Bible says?